Understanding the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange: Complete Guide with Diagram & Example 🔐

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In this video tutorial we will study and understand the working of Diffie-Hellman Key exchange algorithm.
Symmetric Key Echange Problem -
1. Key exchange solution is not fool proof or is not practically possible.
2. This problem is called as key distribution or key exchange problem.
3. It is inherently linked with the symmetric key cryptography

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange/ Agreement Algorithm -
1. Two parties, can agree on a symmetric key using this technique.
2. This can then be used for encryption/ decryption.
3. This algorithm can be used only for key agreement, but not for encryption or decryption.
4. It is based on mathematical principles

Diffie Hellman Algorithm Steps -
1. Firstly Alice and Bob mutually agree on 2 large prime numbers, n & g. These 2 numbers need not be kept secret.
2. Alice chooses another large random number x(private to her) and calculates A such that A = g^x mod n.
3. Alice sends this number A to Bob.
4. Bob independently chooses another large random number y(private to him) and calculates B such that B = g^y mod n.
5. Bob sends this number B to Alice.
6. Alice now computes her private key value K1 as: K1 = B^x mod n.
7. Bob computes his private key value K2 as: K2 = A^y mod n.
8. K1 == K2 (key exchange done successfully)

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