Understanding Cryptographic Attacks: Symmetric & Public-Key Algorithms 🛡️

What is Cryptographic Attacks||Symmetric-Key Algorithm||Public-Key Cryptography
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What is Cryptographic Attacks?
A cryptographic attack is a method used by hackers to target cryptographic solutions like ciphertext, encryption keys, etc. These attacks aim to retrieve the plaintext from the ciphertext or decode the encrypted data. Hackers may attempt to bypass the security of a cryptographic system by discovering weaknesses and flaws in cryptography techniques, cryptographic protocol, encryption algorithms, or key management strategy.

Passive and active attacks
A cryptography attack can be either passive or active.

Passive attacks:

Passive cryptography attacks intend to obtain unauthorized access to sensitive data or information by intercepting or eavesdropping on general communication. In this situation, the data and the communication remain intact and are not tampered with. The attacker only gains access to the data.

Active attacks: On the other hand, active cryptography attacks

involve some kind of modification of the data or communication. In this case, the attacker not only gains access to the data but also tampers with it.

Types of cryptography attacks
Depending on the type of cryptographic system in place and the information available to the attacker, these attacks can be broadly classified into six types:

Brute force attack

Public and private keys play a significant role in encrypting and decrypting the data in a cryptographic system. In a brute force attack, the cybercriminal tries various private keys to decipher an encrypted message or data. If the key size is 8-bit, the possible keys will be 256 (i.e., 28). The cybercriminal must know the algorithm (usually found as open-source programs) to try all the 256 possible keys in this attack technique.

Ciphertext-only attack

In this attack vector, the attacker gains access to a collection of ciphertext. Although the attacker cannot access the plaintext, they can successfully determine the ciphertext from the collection. Through this attack technique, the attacker can occasionally determine the key.

Chosen plaintext attack

In this attack model, the cybercriminal can choose arbitrary plaintext data to obtain the ciphertext. It simplifies the attacker's task of resolving the encryption key. One well-known example of this type of attack is the differential cryptanalysis performed on block ciphers.

Chosen ciphertext attack

In this attack model, the cybercriminal analyzes a chosen ciphertext corresponding to its plaintext. The attacker tries to obtain a secret key or the details about the system. By analyzing the chosen ciphertext and relating it to the plaintext, the attacker attempts to guess the key. Older versions of RSA encryption were prone to this attack.

Known plaintext attack

In this attack technique, the cybercriminal finds or knows the plaintext of some portions
of the ciphertext using information gathering techniques. Linear cryptanalysis in block cipher is one such example.

Key and algorithm attack

Here, the attacker tries to recover the key used to encrypt or decrypt the data by analyzing the cryptographic algorithm.
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