Transcription and RNA Processing in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

In this lecture we review the transcription in living organisms and the processing that happens>
Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes| Processing of RNA| Splicing of mRNA شرح لطلاب الطب , أمريكان دبلومة, I . G
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1-Hello everyone, today we are going to discuss the process of transcription. Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into RNA. It occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, but there are some differences in the transcription process between the two. Let's dive in and explore this fascinating process.
In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in two stages: the first is the initiation stage, where RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the gene and starts synthesizing the RNA chain. This process involves the addition of nucleotides to the growing RNA chain, which ultimately leads to the formation of a primary transcript. The primary transcript is then processed by several enzymes to create the full-length mRNA molecule that carries the information for the synthesis of the specific protein in the cell.
On the other hand, in eukaryotes, the process of transcription is more complex and involves the participation of several proteins and RNA molecules. Transcription starts with the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the gene. This triggers the assembly of a large complex called the pre-initiation complex, which includes other proteins such as factors that regulate gene expression, helicase, and enzymes that add bases to the RNA chain. The complex then moves to the start of the gene, where it continues to add nucleotides to the RNA chain, ultimately forming the full-length mRNA molecule.
In conclusion, the transcription process is essential for the functioning of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Although there are some differences between the two, this essential process is crucial for the production of RNA, which in turn regulates the expression of genes and contributes to the overall functioning of the cell.