How CPUs Communicate with a Variety of Devices Explained 🖥️

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In this video we learn the basics of I/O devices, and how the interact with the the CPU in general purpose systems.

00:00 - Intro
00:33 - Content table
00:49 - What are I/O devices
01:12 - Why the CPU shouldn’t directly control peripherals
02:22 - Keyboard as an example of I/O logic
04:19 - Role of microcontrollers and the control bus
05:13 - Hard Drive Disk example of device controllers handling I/O operations
07:05 - Sponsor’s Message
08:21 - I/O hardware implementation overview
08:56 - Memory-Mapped I/O (MMIO)
10:45 - Isolated I/O (Port-Mapped I/O)
12:16 - Programmed I/O (Polling)
13:11 - Interrupt-Driven I/O
14:12 - MMI + Custom I/O Buses
15:02 - Northbridge and Southbridge architecture
16:14 - Integration of I/O control into modern CPUs
17:47 - Why systems still use Memory-Mapped I/O
18:45 - Why were 80’s computer incompatible with each other
20:07 - Standardization and compatibility (PCIe, SATA, USB)
22:05 - Device drivers as translators
22:25 - Closing