GCSE Biology: Genetic Engineering & GMOs (2026/27)

⭐️ Check out our website https://www.cognito.org/ ⭐️

*** WHAT'S COVERED ***
1. Introduction to Genetic Engineering
* Modifying an organism's genome.
* Transferring genes for desirable characteristics between organisms.
* Definition of Genetically Modified (GM) Organisms.
2. Examples of Genetic Engineering Applications
* GM sheep engineered to produce drugs in their milk.
* GM bacteria engineered to produce human insulin.
* GM crops engineered for improved yield, quality, resistance (diseases, insects, herbicides), and nutritional value.
3. Gene Therapy
* Using genetic engineering to potentially treat inherited disorders caused by faulty genes.
* Challenges associated with gene therapy, such as delivering the gene to all necessary cells.
* Potential solution of transferring genes at early developmental stages (egg or embryo).
4. Potential Problems and Considerations of Genetic Engineering
* Discussion of the pros and cons, using GM crops as an example.
* Benefits: Creating desirable traits, increasing food production, enhancing nutritional content (e.g., Golden Rice).
* Concerns: Uncertainty about long-term health effects, potential impact on ecosystems if GM organisms spread to the wild.
5. The Process of Transferring Genes
* Isolating the desired gene using enzymes.
* Using vectors (like viruses or bacterial plasmids) to carry the gene.
* Introducing the vector into the target organism's cells.
* Cells incorporating the new gene and producing the desired protein.

*** CHAPTERS ***
0:00 What is Genetic Engineering?
1:01 Examples of Genetic Engineering (Sheep, Bacteria, Crops)
1:42 Gene Therapy for Inherited Disorders
2:32 Pros and Cons of GM Crops
3:52 How to Transfer Genes

*** PLAYLISTS ***
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7XPh1QacLRiKto_UlnRIEVh&si=orIUwL3o2jOoiYjT
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7X5UFT-expKIuR-i-BN3Q1g&si=DcihOwUkd9oWbbdp
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W&si=Y8MsO-FK948jnxpS
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7UVC-8WC9djoeBzwxPeXph7&si=-7i5Iq7yOeJrhtu6
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7VKJD2WxRhoKaI6JGLVean8&si=NH_Q1ujhVgACM2FU

#GCSE #Biology #study #revision #school #exam #AQA #OCR #Edexcel #IGCSE