Sudan War: Key Facts & Crisis Overview 🌍

Sudan’s war is a catastrophic, underreported crisis. From the rise of Hemedti and al-Burhan to famine, genocide, and global meddling, this deep-dive reveals the brutal truth behind Africa’s forgotten war.

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00:00 Introduction
01:08 Island of Inhumanity: The Siege Of El Fasher
06:58 From Janjaweed to RSF: The Monster the State Built
18:30 The Rise of Hemedti
23:23 2019: The Revolution That Didn’t Finish the Job
34:54 The State Collapses
43:10 The Dam Bursts
49:52 Alliances Bring The War To The Periphery
55:07 The Region Intervenes And The War Spills Over
01:06:33 What Comes Next?

Sources
DW: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gZ63ulOoqw
AJ+: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL0nz1ZeX_k
WSJ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtLszFIFPUo
https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2025/06/08/dead-bodies-dont-trend-the-invisible-wars-of-congo-and-sudan/
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/aug/07/genocide-sudan-zamzam-camp-timeline
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/26/sudan-armed-forces-retakes-khartoum-airport-from-rsf
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/20/sudans-army-declares-khartoum-state-completely-free-of-paramilitary-rsf
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudanese-jubilant-after-army-retakes-khartoum-rsf-militia
https://www.sudanspost.com/sudan-army-claims-control-of-rsf-base-key-bridge-section/
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/sudan-s-army-captures-strategic-bridge-in-eastern-khartoum-from-paramilitary-rsf/3499777
https://sudantribune.com/article297400/
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckgy341v680o
https://sudantribune.com/article291618/
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/nuba-hopes-and-fears-south-kordofan/SPLM-N-rationale
https://sudantribune.com/article291566/
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https://www.altaghyeer.info/en/2024/10/01/dozens-of-civilians-liquidated-by-sudanese-army-and-islamist-brigades/
https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/armies-militias-and-the-quagmire-of-politico-military-alliances-207389
https://acleddata.com/report/two-years-war-sudan-how-saf-gaining-upper-hand
https://www.eurasiareview.com/24072025-sudan-the-saf-islamist-alliance-and-its-growing-threat-to-the-countrys-christians-oped/
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan
https://www.kas.de/en/web/sipodi-east/single-title/-/content/navigating-a-fragmented-war-alliance
https://www.sudanspost.com/sudanese-army-breaks-siege-of-headquarters-in-khartoum/
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https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters
https://www.darfur24.com/en/2025/08/07/how-did-el-fasher-withstand-rsfs-attacks-and-siege/
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2g0ppj9lyo
https://x.com/warfareanalysis/status/1903026730849185885
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13623699.2025.2524890
The Rapid Support Forces (RSF): the militia that ruined Sudanese lives Emadeldin Hassan E. Konozy & Rania M. H. Baleela
The Sudan’s dimensions: A country divided by ethnicity and religion Chuei D. Mareng
https://archive.org/details/darfurambiguousg0000prun
Darfur: a short history of a long war by Julie Flint and Alex de Waal
https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/sudan0404/4.htm
https://www.hrw.org/report/2004/05/06/darfur-destroyed/ethnic-cleansing-government-and-militia-forces-western-sudan
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/11/17/sudans-rsf-unit-accused-of-abuses-against-migrants
https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-hemedti-carved-route-power-by-crushing-darfur-revolt-2023-04-15/
https://www.reuters.com/article/world/exclusivesudan-militia-leader-grew-rich-by-selling-gold-idUSKBN1Y01DQ/