Bitcoin Terms Explained: Keys, Hashes & Signatures 🔑

I am confused by terminology in Bitcoin. Please explain the following terms: private / public keys, hash functions, elliptic curve, addresses, and signatures. How can you create an address offline? How does the Bitcoin network "find out" about the address?

Chapters
0:00 I'm confused by the terms bitcoin address, hash, digital signature, public/private keys. What is the difference between these terms and how are they related to mining transaction validation and security? If I'm paying a merchant through bitcoin, do I send the merchant the hash? How is my identity as an independent node represented on the Bitcoin network?
0:44 Your control over your wallet
1:13 Private key
3:53 Public key
7:46 Hash
8:18 Summary
9:22 Once you have your Bitcoin address, you can then give that to a merchant
10:44 How can you create an offline address and then how does the Bitcoin network know about this address if you've never been online?

These questions are from the third and fourth sessions of MOOC 12, which took place on September 27th and October 4th 2019. If you want early-access to talks and a chance to participate in the monthly live Q&As with Andreas, become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/aantonop

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Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a technologist and serial entrepreneur who has become one of the most well-known and respected figures in Bitcoin. He is the author of “Mastering Bitcoin,” “The Internet of Money" series, and "Mastering Ethereum."

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MASTERING BITCOIN, 2nd Edition: https://amzn.to/2xcdsY9

Translations of MASTERING BITCOIN: https://bitcoinbook.info/translations-of-mastering-bitcoin/

THE INTERNET OF MONEY, v1: https://amzn.to/2ykmXFs
THE INTERNET OF MONEY, v2: https://amzn.to/2IIG5BJ

Translations of THE INTERNET OF MONEY:
Spanish, 'Internet del Dinero' (v1) - https://amzn.to/2yoaTTq
German, 'Das Internet des Geldes' (v1) - https://amzn.to/2LEiyqO
German, 'Das Internet des Geldes' (v2) - https://amzn.to/2VCzse5
French, 'L'internet de l'argent' (v1) - https://www.amazon.fr/Linternet-largent-Andreas-M-Antonopoulos/dp/2856083390
Russian, 'Интернет денег' (v1) - https://www.olbuss.ru/catalog/ekonomika-i-biznes/korporativnye-finansy-bankovskoe-delo/internet-deneg
Vietnamese, 'Internet Của Tiền Tệ' (v1) - https://alphabooks.vn/khi-tien-len-mang

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