E CES, 212 81, Module 3, Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography, study guide pdf

E-CES, 212-81, Module 3, Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography - AKA public key cryptography. Slower than symmetric key cryptography. Developed to overcome weaknesses in symmetric cryptography. Uses a public and a private key. N - Denotes the natural numbers. 1, 2, 3, etc. Z - Denotes the integers. These are whole numbers -1, 0, 1, 2 etc. Q - Denotes the rational numbers (ratio of integers). Any number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers 3/2, 17/4, 1/5 etc. R - Denotes the real numbers. This includes the rational numbers as well as numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers, for example √2 i - Denotes imaginary numbers. These are numbers whose square is a negative. √-1 = 1i Entropy - A measure of the uncertainty associated with a random variable. Prime Number - Any number whose factors are 1 and itself. Example 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 23 Prime Number Theorem - If a random number N is selected, the chance of it being prime is approx. 1/ln(N), where ln(N) denotes the nat