Introduction to the Mathematical Foundations of Cryptography

Probability and information theory become cryptography's foundations by providing the language to model randomness, quantify secrecy, and prove resilience against uncertainty. Probability handles the "how likely" of attacks, while information theory addresses the "how much" information is protected—together, they enable secure systems in an unpredictable world. As computing advances (e.g., quantum threats), these fields continue to evolve cryptography, ensuring robust defenses