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python is widely known for its simplicity and versatility, but have you ever wondered how it actually runs your code? unlike compiled languages like c or c++, python is an interpreted language. this means that python code is executed line by line, rather than being translated into machine code before execution. in this tutorial, we'll delve into the details of python's interpretation process and explore how it differs from compiled languages.
when you run a python script, the python interpreter reads your code line by line and executes it on-the-fly. here's a simplified overview of the interpretation process:
tokenization: the interpreter breaks your code into small pieces called tokens. these tokens include keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and punctuation.
parsing: the interpreter analyzes the tokens to understand the structure of your code. it builds a parse tree or abstract syntax tree (ast) that represents the code's syntactic structure.
compilation: python doesn't directly compile code to machine code like compiled languages. instead, it compiles the code into bytecode, a lower-level representation that's closer to machine code but still platform-independent.
execution: the interpreter executes the bytecode instruction by instruction, performing the desired operations specified by your code.
let's illustrate this process with a simple code example.
consider the following python code snippet:
now, let's break down how python interprets and executes this code:
tokenization: the python interpreter tokenizes the code into individual elements like keywords (def, if, else, return, print), identifiers (factorial, n, result), literals (0, 1, 5), and punctuation.
parsing: the interpreter parses the tokens to understand the structure of the code. it recognizes the function definition (def factorial(n):), conditional statement (if...else...), and function calls (factorial(n - 1)).
compilation: python compiles the parsed code into bytecode, a series of instructi ...
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