Python for Beginners: Master Data Types in 10 Easy Steps 📚

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In this lecture we are discussing about DataTypes in Python:
-- why it is important?
-- how to use it ?

Python has several built-in data types. Here are some of the most common ones:

i) NoneType: This is a special data type that represents the absence of a value. It is similar to null in other languages.
ii) Numbers: These can be integers, floating-point numbers, or complex numbers.
iii) Booleans: These are values that represent True or False.
iv) Lists: These are ordered collections of objects, enclosed in square brackets.
v) Tuples: These are similar to lists, but are immutable (i.e., their contents cannot be changed), and are enclosed in parentheses.
vi) Sets: These are unordered collections of unique elements, enclosed in curly braces.
vii) Strings: These are sequences of characters, enclosed in single or double quotes.
viii) Ranges: These are immutable sequences of numbers, and are commonly used to iterate over a sequence of numbers in a for loop.
ix) Dictionaries: These are collections of key-value pairs, enclosed in curly braces.

i)None Type
a=None
type(a)

ii)Numbers
int: if you want to assign a integer value to a variable
a=5
type(a)

float: if you want to assign a float value to a variable
num =2.5
type(num)

complex: if you want to assign a complex value to a variable
num =2+9j
type(num)

# type conversion: if you want to convert one data type to another data type
a=5.6
b=int(a)
type(b) # output : int
k=float(b)
type(k) # output : float
c=complex(4,5)
type(c) # output : complex

iii)boolean: if you want to assign a variable with a boolean value
a= True
type(a) # output : bool
bool=3 less then5
True
type(bool)

Sequence data types : if you want to assign a variable with multiple values
List, Tuple, Set, String, Range.

iv) List if you want to assign a variable with multiple values and you want to change the values
-- In Python, a list is a collection of ordered and mutable elements enclosed
in square brackets. Lists are one of the most commonly used data structures in
Python because of their versatility and flexibility.

lst=[25,36,45,12]
type(lst) # output : list

v) Tuple: if you want to assign a variable with multiple values and you donot want to change the values make immutable
-- In Python, a tuple is a collection of ordered and immutable elements enclosed in parentheses.
Tuples are similar to lists, but they cannot be modified once they are created, which makes them
useful for storing data that should not be changed during the program's execution.

t=(25,36,45,12,7)
type(t) # output : tuple

vi) Set: if you want to assign a variable with multiple values and you donot want to change the values and you donot want to duplicate values
-- In Python, a set is an unordered collection of unique elements enclosed in curly braces.
Sets are useful for storing data that should not contain duplicates, such as a list of
users on a website.

s={25,36,45,12,25,36}
type(s) # output : set
#output: {36, 12, 45, 25}

vii) String: if you want to assign sequence of characters to a variable
-- In Python, a string is a sequence of characters enclosed in single or double quotes.
Strings are immutable, which means that they cannot be modified once they are created.

str = "hello"
type(str) # output : str

we are not talk about char data type in python
st='a' # every character is a string in python

viii) Range: if you want to assign a variable with multiple values and you don't want to change the values and you want to generate a sequence of numbers
-- In Python, a range is a sequence of numbers that is immutable and iterable.
Ranges are commonly used to iterate over a sequence of numbers in a for loop.

range(10) # range data type
type(range(10)) # output : range
list(range(2,10,2)) # output : [2, 4, 6, 8]

ix) Dictionary: if you want to assign a variable with multiple values and you donot want to change the values and you want to assign a key to each value
-- In Python, a dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs enclosed in curly braces.

d={1:'a',2:'b',3:'c'}
type(d)

d1={'navin':'samsung','rahul':'iphone','kiran':'oneplus'}
d1.values() # output : dict_values(['samsung', 'iphone', 'oneplus'])
d1.keys() # output : dict_keys(['navin', 'rahul', 'kiran'])
d['rahul'] #output : 'iphone'
d1.get('kiran') #output : 'oneplus'