In modern cryptography, ciphers are algorithms that explain the process to encrypt and decrypt our information. Learn more about Cryptography and Encryption Basics in this video.
There are many ciphers out there, including AES, DES, 3DES, SSL, TLS, RC4, and more.
When you’re thinking about encryption, you’re likely thinking of symmetric encryption. This is where a key is used to encrypt, and the same key is used for decryption.
So, as you can imagine, the larger the key, the harder it is to break encryption. And some of they keys we use today are massive!
These ciphers may be stream ciphers, or block ciphers. Block ciphers are more common these days. While stream ciphers create a large value called the One Time Pad, and encrypt the entire piece of information at once, block ciphers first break the information into fixed sized blocks.
Once the data is broken into blocks, they are each encrypted one at a time. The way this is done is called the mode of operation, and some modes are more secure than others. These include ECB, CBC, GCM, and others.
But let’s not forget that there are other types of encryption. For example, hashing algorithms work in one direction only (that is, they are non-reversible), and they don’t require a key.
What’s the point of that? They can be used to create a unique value to represent a piece of information, which in itself has some very interesting uses.
Overview of this video:
0:00 Introduction
0:27 What are Ciphers?
1:30 Key Size
4:41 Stream Ciphers
7:18 Block Ciphers
9:52 Hashing
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